İçtihat  [İİK. 16] Yargıtay 12. Hukuk Dairesi, Esas: 2012/4594, Karar: 2012/22112

Temyize konu olayda banka, KDV'den muaf olduğundan bahisle ihale sonrası ödediği KDV tutarının iadesini talep etmektedir. İcra dairesi, ihale gerçekleştirildikten sonra KDV'nin tarh ve tahakkuk işlemlerini bu verginin mükellefi sıfatıyla yürütmektedir. İcra dairesinin verginin mükellefi sıfatıyla yaptığı işlemlerden doğan ihtilaflarının çözüm yeri vergi mahkemesidir.

 Çeviri  [MK. 666] İngilizce Çeviri

In case the heir to whom allocation has been made demands postponement of partitioning, each one of the other heirs may request convertion of his or her share to the right of credit which taken under assurance by immovables belonging to agricultural enterprise, instead of entering to the earnings shared community. It is given an annuity bond which can not be converted into money earlier than five years to the heirs in consideration of those credits by being yielded interest on the basis of rate effective at most for annuity bonds. Rules concerning upper limit of burden in annuity bonds and liability of the State, shall not apply in annuity bonds of heir.

 Çeviri  [MK. 665] İngilizce Çeviri

If the heir to whom allocated enterprise comes to such a condition to pay consideration of shares of the other heirs unless having to become indebted excessively; any one of the heirs, may request to be paid consideration of his or her share to himself/herself by notifying that he or she has withdrawn from community. Unless otherwise agreed upon, the heir to whom allocation has been made, may request termination of community at any time.

 Çeviri  [MK. 664] İngilizce Çeviri

If total of amount which the heir to whom enterprise has been allocated has to pay in consideration of the shares of the other heirs and of debts taken under assurance by mortgages established previously over enterprise exceeds three fourths of income value of the enterprise; partitioning of enterprise which has been allocated may be postponed for a proper time upon request of the heir to whom allocation made. In this case earnings shared community of family properties becomes established among heirs.

 Çeviri  [MK. 663] İngilizce Çeviri

If there have been descendants among heirs who have discretion and are not major; partitioning may be postponed until those become major or it is formed community of family properties until the date on which there can be ruled on allocation among heirs.

 İçtihat  [HMK. 2] YARGITAY HGK.2010/1-55 E.-2010/64

Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesince karar verilinceye kadar Sulh Hukuk mahkemesinin görevli olduğu ileri sürülüp itiraz da bulunulabilir.Ancak karar verildikten sonra davanın sulh mahkemesinin görevi içinde olduğu ileri sürülerek bu konu temyiz nedeni yapılamaz. Hukuk Usulü Muhakemeleri Kanunu 7/3. maddesi: "Bir dava, asliye mahkemesinde hükme bağlandıktan sonra, davanın sulh mahkemesinin görevi içinde olduğu ileri sürülerek üst mahkemede itirazda bulunulamaz." Somut olayda da asliye hukuk mahkemesi...

 Çeviri  [MK. 662] İngilizce Çeviri

There can not be removed by testamentary disposition of right of request in that matter of the heir who wants enterprise to be allocated to himself/herself and has been understood that he or she is competent for that. Debarment from inheritance and renunciation of inheritance circumstances are reserved. In case there have been conditions of allocation at more than one heir, there may be determined the heir to whom allocation to be made by testamentary disposition.

 Çeviri  [MK. 661] İngilizce Çeviri

In case one of heirs raises an objection to allocation request or there have been more than one applicant, judge of peace rules on to which heir the enterprise be allocated by considering personal abilities and conditions. It is given priority in allocation to the heir who wants to run enterprise himself/herself and understood that he or she has been competent for that. In determination of being competent to run, it is considered abilities of spouse of the heir who wants allocation as well.

 Çeviri  [MK. 660] İngilizce Çeviri

Heir, may request equipment and animals essential for enterprise to be allocated to him or her by being taken as basis their values bearing for enterprise.

 Çeviri  [MK. 659] İngilizce Çeviri

Any agricultural enterprise existing in the estate, having economical integrity and adequate agricultutral entity, is allocated unless divided by taking as basis income value to the heir who is competent to run in case that heir made formal request. If an enterprise is in such a qualification that it can be divided enterprises more than one each having adequate agricultural entity unless being decreased its value, judge of peace may allocate them to the heirs more than one seperately who are competent to run and made formal request. It shall be regulated by by-law to be issued by the concerned Ministry whether the enterprise have adequate agricultural entity by taking features of agricultural regions and agricultural categories into consideration.

 Çeviri  [MK. 658] İngilizce Çeviri

In case heirs can not agree on value of allocation, that value is determined by judge of peace.

 Çeviri  [MK. 657] İngilizce Çeviri

Immovables are allocated to the heirs by taking as basis their actual values which are at the time that partitioning made. Agricultural immovables are allocated according to the value of income, other immovables, according to the market value.

 Çeviri  [MK. 656] İngilizce Çeviri

Provisions of law concerning division of immovables are reserved.

 Çeviri  [MK. 655] İngilizce Çeviri

Any heir to whom fallen an estate property pledged for debts of legator in partitioning, becomes undertaken the debt which taken under assurance by that property.

 Çeviri  [MK. 654] İngilizce Çeviri

Credit of legator at a heir, is made set-off to the share of that heir during partitioning.

 Çeviri  [MK. 653] İngilizce Çeviri

In case one of heirs made objection, there can not be divided properties which constitute an integrity by nature of their qualifications or purpose which they have been allocated. There can not be sold family documents and property having special reminiscence value for family in case one of heir made objection. If a dispute appears among heirs, judge of peace, by considering local customs, if no has been custom personal conditions, rules on allocation of that property to one of heirs by being or not being set off to his or her share or selling of it. Provisions of special laws are reserved.

 Çeviri  [MK. 652] İngilizce Çeviri

If there have been household goods or a dwelling house which spouses lived in together in estate properties in case of death of one of spouses; surviving spouse, may demand ownership right to be granted to him or her over them as a consideration to his or her right of inheritance. In case just causes existed, upon request of surviving spouse or one of other legal heirs of legator, there might be ruled on usurfruct or right of habitation to be vested instead of ownership. In sections where legator had performed a profession or craft or where his or her descendants have to perform the same profession or craft , surviving spouse can not exercise those rights. Provisions of law of succession concerning agricultural immovables are reserved.

 Çeviri  [MK. 651] İngilizce Çeviri

Estate property which can not be divided unless being considerabe decrease in its value, is allocated to one of heirs as a whole. In case heirs can not come to agreement in the matter of division or allocation of an estate property, that property is sold and shared its value. If one of heirs makes request, sale is made through auction. In case heirs can not come to agreement in the method of auction, judge of peace rules on auction to be made among heirs or publicly.

 İçtihat  [MülgaHUMK. 288] Yargıtay 11. Hukuk Dairesi, Esas: 2008/9958, Karar: 2010/1008

Davacının, sattığı ürünlerin, İstanbul'dan Mersin'e taşınması için davalı şirkete teslim ettiğini, fakat bu ürünlerin yolda kaybolduğunu ileri sürerek zararının tazmini talebiyle açtığı davada; davalı, akdi ilişkiyi inkar ederek tanık dinlenmesine de muvafakat etmediğini bildirdiğinden; talep olunan tazminat miktarı da gözetilerek taraflar arasında bir taşıma sözleşmesi bulunduğunun davacı tarafça yazılı delille ispatlanması gerekir.

 İçtihat  [MK. 685] YARGITAY 21.HD.2003/1497 E.-2003/4235 K.

Uyuşmazlık taşınmazı üzerinde yer alan ekili ürün haczedilen 3.kişinin İİK.96 ve devamı maddelerine dayalı olarak açtığı istihkak davasına ilişkindir. Bilindiği üzere, MK.684/1 fıkrasına göre "bir şeye malik olan kimse, o şeyin bütünleyici parçasına da malik olur" Yine aynı Yasanın 685/1. fıkrasına göre "bir şeyin maliki, onun ürünlerinin de maliki olur. 3.fıkrasında ise "doğal ürünler asil şeyden ayrılıncaya kadar onun bütünleyici parçasıdır." Somut olayda; dava konusu mahsulün bulunduğu...

 İçtihat  [HMK. 17] YARGITAY 11.HD 2012/9060 E.- 2012/11824 K.

1)6100 sayılı HMK.17.madde uyarınca, yetki sözleşmesi ancak tacirler veya kamu tüzel kişileri arasında yapıldığı takdirde geçerlidir. 2)Taraflar, sözleşmeyle yetkili kıldıkları mahkeme yanında, kanunen yetkili olan genel ve özel yetkili mahkemelerin de yetkisinin devam etmesini istiyorlarsa, bunu ayrıca ve açıkça sözleşmede belirtmelidirler. Aksi halde, davanın yalnız yetki sözleşmesiyle belirlenen mahkemede açılması gerekmektedir. 3)Ne var ki; bu yeni düzenleme, 01.10.2011 tarihinden son...

 İçtihat  [HMK. 17] YARGITAY 12.HD 2012/4672 E.- 2012/20024 K.

Bilindiği üzere 1086 Sayılı HUMK'nun 22. maddesinde, tarafların yetki sözleşmesi yapmak suretiyle yetkili olmayan bir mahkemenin yetkisini kabul edebilecekleri belirtilmişti. Buna göre tarafların hükmi şahsiyetlerinin önemi olmadan, tüzel kişilerin yanında gerçek kişilerinin de yetki sözleşmesi yapabilecekleri tabii idi. 6100 sayılı HMK. ile getirilen yeniliklerden bir tanesi de yetki sözleşmelerine ilişkin olup, 17.madde uyarınca yetki sözleşmesi düzenleyebilecek şahıslar sadece tacirler vey...

 Bilgi  [TK. 905] Gerekçesi
25/06/1998 tarihli Alman Taşıma Hukuku Reform Kanunu uyarınca değiştirilen Alm.TK.'nın 452c paragrafından alınmıştır. Değişik tür araçlar ile taşıma sözleşmesinin konusu taşınma eşyası ise, bu sözleşme, Tasarının 894 ilâ 901 inci hükümlerine tâbi tutulmuştur. Ayrıca burada, daha sade bir sistem kurulabilmesi için, 903 üncü maddenin uygulama alanı sınırlandırılmıştır. Buna göre, zarar yerinin belli olduğu hallerde dahi yine üçüncü kısmın hükümleri uygulanacaktır; ancak, bir milletlerarası sözleşm...

 Bilgi  [TK. 904] Gerekçesi
25/06/1998 tarihli Alman Taşıma Hukuku Reform Kanunu uyarınca değiştirilen Alm. TK.'nın 452b paragrafından alınmıştır. Maddenin birinci fıkrası, eşyadaki zararın ihbarını, kural olarak, 889 uncu maddenin genel hükmüne tâbi tutmuştur. Ancak nihai teslim yerinde eşyayı tesellüm eden kişi, son taşıma kısmına ilişkin kuralları dikkate alarak ihbarda bulunmuşsa, değişik tür araçlar ile taşıma sözleşmesi bakımından 889 uncu maddenin aradığı şekil ve süre şartlarına uymuş olduğu kabul edilecektir. Buna...

 Bilgi  [TK. 903] Gerekçesi
25/06/1998 tarihli Alman Taşıma Hukuku Reform Kanunu uyarınca değiştirilen Alm. TK.'nın 452a paragrafından alınmıştır. 902 nci maddedeki genel kurala, zarar yerinin belli olduğu haller için bu maddede bir istisna getirilmektedir. Eşyadaki zararın veya gecikmeyi doğuran olayın belli bir taşıma kısmında meydana geldiği tespit edilebiliyorsa (örneğin konteyner gemideyken devrilmiş ve eşya zarar görmüştür veya konteyner kamyon ile taşınırken yanmıştır), 902 nci maddedeki genel atıf uygulanmayacaktır...

 Bilgi  [TK. 902] Gerekçesi
25/06/1998 tarihli Alman Taşıma Hukuku Reform Kanunu uyarınca değiştirilen Alm. TK.'nın 452 nci paragrafından alınmıştır. Milletlerarası taşıma hukukunun tartışmalı ve zor konularının başında, eşyanın değişik tür araçlarla taşınması halinde hangi sorumluluk rejiminin uygulanacağı meselesi gelmektedir. Eşya taşımalarında kullanılan araçlardan karayolu, demiryolu, denizyolu, içsu yolu ve havayolu araçları ile yapılan taşımalar için çok sayıda milletlerarası sözleşme bulunmaktadır. Türkiye karayolu...

 Bilgi  [TK. 901] Gerekçesi
Maddenin kaynağı Alm TK 451h paragrafıdır. Birinci fıkra: Taşınma eşyasının taşınmasında gönderen tüketici ise tüketicinin korunması amacıyla taşıyıcı ile yardımcılarının sorumluluktan kurtulma hallerinden birine ve sorumluluk sınırlamalarına ilişkin hükümlerine dayanabilmeleri bazı şartlara bağlanmıştır. Taşıyıcı ve yardımcıları bu şartları yerine getirmezlerse bu olanaklardan yararlanamazlar. Taşıyıcı göndereni sözleşme yapılırken sorumluluk hükümleri hakkında bilgilendirmemiş, sorumlulu...

 Bilgi  [TK. 900] Gerekçesi
Maddenin kaynağı Alm TK 451f paragrafıdır. Bu madde zararın, dolayısıyla eşyanın ziya veya hasarının bildirilmesini gene taşınma eşyasının niteliği ve taşıyıcının bu tür taşımadaki özel konumu dolayısıyla 889 uncu maddeden farklı olarak düzenlenmiştir. Burada ziya ve hasarın belli bir sürede taşıyıcıya bildirilmesi gerekir. Aksi halde bundan doğan talep hakları sona erer, yani bir anlamda düşer. Maddeden açıkça anlaşıldığı üzere 889 uncu maddede karine ortadan kalkmakta, bu maddede ise talep ...

 Bilgi  [TK. 899] Gerekçesi
882 nci maddeden farklı olarak bu maddede de taşıyıcının ziya ve hasardan doğan sorumluluğu, taşımanın ifası için gerekli olan yükleme alanının beher metre küpü için 2000-TL ile sınırlıdır. Madde kaleme alınırken, aynı hususları taşıyıcının sorumluluğu ve deniz ticareti için düzenleyen Tasarının 882 nci ve 1186 ncı maddelerinin terimleriyle birlik sağlanmasına özen gösterilmiştir.

 Bilgi  [TK. 898] Gerekçesi
Maddenin kaynağı Alm TK 451d paragrafıdır. Birinci fıkra: Taşınma eşyasının taşınmasında taşıyıcının sorumluluğu da taşınan eşyanın nitelikleri ve özellikleri sebebiyle 864 üncü maddeden farklı bir şekilde ve taşıyıcının sorumluluğu 864 üncü maddeye nazaran daha hafif olarak düzenlenmiştir. İkinci fıkra: Birinci fıkrada öngörülen sorumluluktan kurtulma hâllerinin birinin varlığında taşıyıcının sorumsuzluğuna ilişkin bir karine doğar. Bu karinenin aksini ispatlamak gönderene düşer. Üçünc...

 Bilgi  [TK. 897] Gerekçesi
Gönderenin yukarıda açıklanan tacir olmayan veya bir ticarî işletme ile ilgili bulunmayan konumu sorumluluğun da sınırlandırılmasım gerekli kılmıştır. Zararlar için ödenecek olan tutar somut olaydaki taşımanın ifası için gerekli olan yükleme alanının metre küpü için 2000 TL'yi aşamaz. Hükmün yorumunda dikkat edilmesi gereken nokta şudur: Üç dolap koca bir TIR kamyonunda taşınabilir. Zararlar için yapılacak tazminat hesaplanmasında TIR kamyonunun metre küpü değil bu üç dolap için gerekli olan yük...

 Bilgi  [TK. 896] Gerekçesi
Maddenin kaynağı Alm TK 452 nci paragrafıdır. Birinci fıkra: Taşınma eşyasının göndereni eşya taşıması gönderiminden farklıdır. Bu tür eşya tacir olmayanlara ve tacirlerde de onların ticarî işletmesiyle ilgili bulunmayan gayri ticarî alanlarına aittir. Böyle olunca göndereni pek tanımadıkları ve bilmedikleri taşıma senedi düzenlemekle yükümlü kılmak amaca uygun değildir. İkinci ve üçüncü fıkra: Her iki fıkrada da gönderici tüketici ise, tüketicinin konumu dolayısıyla, eşya taşıması göndere...

 Bilgi  [TK. 895] Gerekçesi
Bu maddenin kaynağı Alm TK 451a paragrafıdır. Birinci fıkra: Eşya taşımasına ilişkin 856-893'den farklı olarak mobilyanın sökülmesi ve kurulması ile eşyanın yüklenip boşaltılması da taşıyıcının borçları arasında yer alır. Bunun bir sonucu olarak taşıyıcı bu borcun ihlâlinden doğan ziya, hasar ve gecikme zararlarından da sorumludur. İkinci fıkra: İkinci fıkra, taşıyıcıya genel eşya taşıma hükümleri arasında bulunmayan bir borcu düzenlemektedir. Gönderen 864. maddenin beşinci fıkrasında tanı...

 Bilgi  [TK. 894] Gerekçesi
Tasarının 894 ilâ 901 inci maddeleri taşınma eşyasının taşınmasına uygulanır. Anılan hükümlerin doğrudan kaynağı olan Alm TK 451 ve 451h paragrafı hükümlerinde taşınma eşyası tanımlanmamıştır. 894 üncü madde kapsamı geniş olan bir tanım vermiştir. Kanunun tanım vermesinin bir sebebi bu özel hükümlerin uygulanma alanını belirlemektedir. Bir evden, bir işyerinden, üretim biriminden ve bu gibi yerlerden alınıp bir diğer yere taşınacak olan ve bu gibi yerlere ait oturulmakta, çalışmakta veya benzeri...

 İçtihat  [Kamu.K Geçici Madde 6] Yargıtay 5.Hukuk Dairesi 2011/ 17580 Esas 2011/ 20948 Karar

Kanunda , uzlaşmanın önerilmesinin amacı kişinin mahkemeye müracaat hakkını ortadan kaldırmak değil , malikin idareye başvurması halinde uzlaşma yolunun denenmesidir. İdare uzlaşma talebinde bulunan malik ile uzlaşma görüşmelerine başlamakla yükümlüdür. Malikin idareye başvurmadan doğrudan doğruya dava açması hukukun temel prensiplerinden biri olan hak arama özgürlüğüne ilişkindir. Diğer bir deyişle 5999 sayılı Kanunla getirilen Geçici 6.maddenin 1.fıkrasındaki uzlaşma için idareye başvurma ;...

 İçtihat  [İİK. 16] Yargıtay 12. Hukuk Dairesi, Esas: 2009/16540, Karar: 2009/25427

Müzayede mahallinde satışın yapılması ile vergiyi doğuran olay meydana gelir ve KDV icra memurunca satışın kesinleşmesi üzerine yasada belirtilen oran üzerinden tahsil edilir. İcrada hesaplanan KDV oranına itiraz talebi icra memurluğunca reddedilen alıcı, icra müdürünün bu ret kararını İcra Hakimliği'nde şikayet konusu yapabilir.

 İçtihat  [TCK. 106] Anayasa Mahkemesi 2013/36 E., 2013/53 K.

Başvuran Mahkeme, silahla basit yaralama suçunda verilen ceza ile silahla tehdit suçuna verilen cezayı karşılaştırarak, bu hususun suç ve ceza dengesini bozduğunu ileri sürmüş ise de, silahla tehdit suçunun işlenmesi hâlinde verilecek cezayı belirlemek kanun koyucunun takdirinde olup, ceza miktarının kanunda belirtilen yaralama suçu ile karşılaştırılarak yapılan değerlendirme anayasal denetime esas alınamaz. Açıklanan nedenlerle, Türk Ceza Kanunu’nun 106. maddesinin (2) numaralı fıkrasında yer a...

 Bilgi  [AKKŞÖDK. 4] Sosyal Sigortalar Ve Genel Sağlık Sigortası Kanunu İle Bazı Kanunlarda Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Kanun Madde 1: Genel Sağlık Sigortalısı Sayılma
MADDE 1 - .... “8/3/2012 tarihli ve 6284 sayılı Ailenin Korunması ve Kadına Karşı Şiddetin Önlenmesine Dair Kanun hükümlerine göre hakkında koruyucu tedbir kararı verilen kişilerden genel sağlık sigortalısı olmayan ve genel sağlık sigortalısının bakmakla yükümlü olduğu kişi kapsamına da girmeyen veya genel sağlık sigortası kapsamında olup sağlık yardımlarından yararlanamayanlar, bu hâllerin devamı süresince gelir tespiti yapılmaksızın birinci fıkranın (c) bendinin (1) numaralı alt bendi kapsa...

 Bilgi  [İşK. Geçici Madde 6] 1475 Sayılı İş Kanunu Madde 14: Kıdem Tazminatı
Kıdem tazminatı: Madde 14 - (DEĞİŞİK MADDE RGT: 23.10.1980 RG NO: 17140 KANUN NO: 2320/1) (YÜR. TAR.: 12.09.1980) (DEĞİŞİK FIKRA RGT: 30.07.1983 RG NO: 18120 KANUN NO: 2869/3) Bu Kanuna tabi işçilerin hizmet akitlerinin: 1. İşveren tarafından bu Kanunun 17 nci maddesinin II numaralı bendinde gösterilen sebepler dışında, 2. İşçi tarafından bu Kanunun 16 ncı maddesi uyarınca, 3. Muvazzaf askerlik hizmeti dolayısıyle, 4. Bağlı bulundukları kanunla kurulu kurum veya sandıklard...

 İçtihat  [İİK. 50] Yargıtay 23.Hukuk Dairesi, Esas: 2011/977, Karar: 2011/566

Kooperatifle üyeleri arasındaki davaların kooperatifin ikametgahı addolunan mahal mahkemesinde görülmesi gerekir ve bu yetki kuralı kamu düzenine ilişkin, kesin yetki kuralıdır. Mahkemece HUMK m.17 uyarınca Sincan mahkemeleri yetkili olduğundan dava dilekçesinin yetki yönünden reddine karar verilmesi gerekirken, icra takibinde icra dairesinin yetkisine itiraz edilmemiş olduğu da gözardı edilerek yetkili icra dairesinde başlatılmış bir icra takibi bulunmadığı gerekçesiyle davanın reddine karar ve...

 İçtihat  [MK. 178] Yargıtay Hukuk Genel Kurulu 2013/ 8- 375 Esas 2013/ 520 Karar

KATILMA ALACAĞINDA ZAMANAŞIMI 1 DEĞİL 10 YILDIR. Katılma alacağı boşanmanın fer'i değildir. Kanundan doğan bir alacak hakkıdır. Borçlar Kanunu genel hükümlerine göre zamanaşımı süresi belirlenmelidir. TMK.178.madde mal rejiminin tasfiyesinden kaynaklanan alacak hakkına uygulanmaz.

 İçtihat  [HMK. 176] Yargıtay 4. Hukuk Dairesi 2012/ 5120 Esas 2013/ 4672 Karar

Davanın başında talep edilmeyen manevi tazminat isteminin, usulüne göre açılmış bir dava bulunmak koşuluyla, ıslah yoluyla sonradan talep edilebileceğine ilişkindir.

 Çeviri  [MK. 642] İngilizce Çeviri

Each one of heirs, may request partitioning of inheritance at any time, unless he or she has been liable to continue community by virtue of contract or law. Every heir, may request to be ruled on partitioning of certain properties of the estate in kind or if not possible by way of sale from the court of peace. Judge on request of one of heirs, by taking into consideration of the estate as a whole or each one of properties of the estate, makes apportionment by means of giving each one of immovables as a whole to a heir if there has been possibility. It shall be provided equalization between shares of inheritance by removing difference between values of immovables that given to the heirs by means of being paid money. If making of partitioning immediately would decrease value of property or estate subject to partitioning considerably; judge of peace, may rule on postponement of partitioning of that property or estate upon request of one of heirs.

 Çeviri  [MK. 646] İngilizce Çeviri

Legal heirs, share inheritance according to the same rules both among themselves and together with the other appointed heirs. Unless contrary regulation existed, heirs determine how to be made partitioning freely. Heirs who possess estate properties or indebted to legator, are liable to give thorough information in that issue during partitioning.

 Çeviri  [MK. 645] İngilizce Çeviri

Persons who have been living with or cared by legator at the time of his or her death, may request to be provided of their three months’ care and subsistence expenses starting from the date of death from the estate.

 Çeviri  [MK. 650] İngilizce Çeviri

Heirs, constitute shares from properties of estate in the number of heirs or joint root. If no has been agreement, each one of heirs, may request to be constituted of shares from the court of peace. Judge takes into consideration local customs, personal conditions of heirs and wish of majority in partitioning. Allocation of shares is made pursuant to agreement of heirs. If that is not possible, it is drawn lots.

 Çeviri  [MK. 649] İngilizce Çeviri

In case there has not been a contrary provision at law, heirs shall have equal rights over all properties of estate in partitioning. Heirs, are obliged to give all information concerning their relationships with the legator in between to each other which is necessary to take into consideration in order to be consistent of partitioning to equity and justice . Each one of heirs, may request to be paid debts of estate or put under assurance of them before partitioning.

 Çeviri  [MK. 648] İngilizce Çeviri

Creditor who took over or sequestrated share of a heir or possessed proof of insolvency received against that heir in inheritance opened, may request to be appointed a trustee so as to participate to partitioning in place of that heir, from judge of peace.

 Çeviri  [MK. 647] İngilizce Çeviri

Legator, may establish rules concerning how to be made of partitioning and how the shares to be constituted by his or her testamentary disposition. These rules, are binding for heirs provided that opportunity of equalization of shares is reserved in case of an inequality not intended by legator. Unless is understood from disposition that legator wished contrary of, allotment of estate property to a heir by legator, is just regarded rule of partitioning, not will.

 Çeviri  [MK. 644] İngilizce Çeviri

In case a heir has requested convertion of collective ownership over the whole or some parts of properties included in the estate to shared ownership, judge of peace issues a call to the other heirs to notify their objections if there is any within a period that he or she will specify. In case there has not been brought any objection justifying continuation of collective ownership or any one of heirs has not filed a suit for partitioning within the period specified, it is ruled on convertion of collective ownership to shared ownership over the property which is subject of request. Provisions above shall apply in relation to division of the other rights and credits included in the estate at the rate of shares as well.

 Çeviri  [MK. 643] İngilizce Çeviri

In case there has been a foetus might be heir on the date which inheritance opened, partitioning is postponed until birth. If mother is in need, she may request subsistence costs to be provided from estate until birth.

 Çeviri  [MK. 641] İngilizce Çeviri

Heirs, are liable from debts of estate severally. Compensation at a fair amount to be granted to major children and grandchildren living with mother and father or grandmother and grandfather and allocating their labours and incomes to family, is deemed debt of estate provided that the estate does not fall into insolvency for that reason.

 Çeviri  [MK. 640] İngilizce Çeviri

In case there have been heirs more than one, a community inluding all rights and obligations in estate comes into existence among heirs until partitioning with the passage of inheritance. Heirs own the estate collectively, provided that power of representation or administration arising from contract or the law is reserved, they dispose all rights belonging the estate jointly. Court of peace may appoint a representative to community of heirs until partitioning upon request of one of heirs. Each one of heirs, may request to be protected rights in the estate. All of heirs benefit from protection provided. If a heir is insolvency, other heirs upon opening of inheritance, may demand from the court of peace to be taken required measures for protection of their rights without delay.

 Çeviri  [MK. 639] İngilizce Çeviri

Action of interest of legatee, becomes time barred within one year starting from the date on which the plaintiff has discovered that he or she has been heir himself/herself or the defendant with good faith has possessed the estate or estate property and in any case by elapsing ten years from over legator’s death or opening of the will. Lapse of time is twenty years against those without good faith.

 Çeviri  [MK. 638] İngilizce Çeviri

In case action of legatee has been accepted, estate or property included in estate, is given to the plaintiff pursuant to provisions concerning possession. Defendant in action of interest of legatee, may not bring forward that he or she has acquired estate property through lapse of time.

 Çeviri  [MK. 637] İngilizce Çeviri

Legal or appointed heir, may file an action of interest of legatee by setting forth his or her paramount right in heirship against the person who possesses estate or some estate properties. In this lawsuit, judge clears up disputes concerning capacity of heirship. Judge, takes all kinds of measures for protection of right upon request of plaintiff such as providing assurance of defendant or putting annotation to land registers.

 Çeviri  [MK. 636] İngilizce Çeviri

Liquidation of estate which its assets in hand do not suffice to pay its debts, is made by the court of peace pursuant to provisions of bankruptcy.

 Çeviri  [MK. 635] İngilizce Çeviri

Formal liquidation, includes completion of jobs in progress, fulfilment of obligations, collection of credits of legator, performance of credits of will proportional to capacity of estate, in case has been essential, determination of rights and obligations of legator by court and convertion of his or her properties into money. Liquidator, is liable to give information to heirs about lawsuit, execution proceedings and administartive transactions concerning estate. Immovables in the estate, are sold by public auction or in case all heirs accepted, by bargaining. Heirs, may request them to be given partially or wholly estate properties or money that are not necessary for liquidation during continuation of liquidation.

 İçtihat  [MK. 236] Yargıtay 8.Hukuk Dairesi 2012/ 2002 Esas 2012/ 3979 Karar

Katılma alacağı, yasadan kaynaklanan şahsi alacak hakkı niteliğinde olması ve talep edilebilmesi için davacının herhangi bir katkıda bulunması gerekmemesi sebebiyle tarafların fiilen ayrı olmaları talep hakkını ortadan kaldırmamaktadır. Davalı vekilinin bu hususa yönelen temyiz itirazları yerinde değildir.

 İçtihat  [EskiBK. 355] Yargıtay 15. Hukuk Dairesi, Esas: 2009/2785, Karar: 2010/4154

Taraflar arasındaki sözleşmeye mesnetle inşa edilen hastanenin, meydana gelen fırtınada çatısının uçarak kullanılamaz hale gelmesinden kaynaklı zararın tazmini istemli davada; taraflar arasındaki hukuki ilişki eser sözleşmesinden kaynaklandığından ve haksız fiil ilişkisi bulunmadığından borçlu, ancak alacaklının ihtarıyla temerrüde düşer.

 İçtihat  [EskiBK. 41] Yargıtay 11. Hukuk Dairesi, Esas: 1999/66, Karar: 1999/2677

Davacı, bitişik binada çıkan yangının kendi binasına sirayeti nedeniyle; zararının tazminini ve binanın 3 aylık kira kaybının tahsilini talep etmiştir. Mahkemece, 25 yıllık binanın %25 yıpranma payı düşüldükten sonra bulunan zarar bedeline ve davacının, tamir süresi için kira kaybı isteyebileceğinden 2 ay tamir süresi karşılığı kira kaybına hükmedilmiştir. Yargıtayca kararın onanmasına karar verilmiştir.

 İçtihat  [EskiBK. 60] Yargıtay 4. Hukuk Dairesi, Esas: 2003/415, Karar: 2003/1173

Davacı, deprem nedeniyle davalıların yaptığı binadaki iki adet bağımsız bölümünün hasara uğradığından bahisle binanın tamiri ve kira kaybı nedeniyle tazminat istemiştir. Zarar doğurucu sonuç 17.8.1999 günü meydana gelmiş, dava ise 6.9.2001 tarihinde; yani BK m.60'taki bir yıllık süre geçtikten sonra açılmıştır. Bu sebeple davanın zamanaşımı sebebiyle reddi gerekir.

 Çeviri  [MK. 634] İngilizce Çeviri

Formal liquidation, is performed by the court of peace or one or a few liquidators to be appointed by it. It is started to formal liquidation by being drawn up the book of estate and requested by publication to be made at the same time creditors and debtors of legator to notify their credits and debts within specified period. If there has been drawn up formal book of estate previosly, formal liquidation is made according to that book. Liquidator, conducts his or her jobs regarding his or her duty under supervision of the court of peace. Heirs and creditors of estate may bring complaint in written to the court of peace because of transactions made or planned by liquidator within seven days starting from the date on which they have found out that.

 Çeviri  [MK. 633] İngilizce Çeviri

Creditors of legator who have suspicion in obtaining credits of him or her for persuvasive reasons, in case there have not been paid their credits even though they required or not have been provided assurance for them, they may request formal liquidation of estate within three months starting from the death of legator or opening of will. In case the same conditions exist, creditors of will may request to be taken required measures for protection of their rights as well.

 Çeviri  [MK. 632] İngilizce Çeviri

Every heir, may request formal liquidation of estate at the place where he or she will renounce of or accept inheritance according to the formal book. This request, is not taken into consideration in case where one of heirs who are heir in company has accepted inheritance. In case of formal liquidation, heirs shall not be liable from debts of estate.

 Çeviri  [MK. 631] İngilizce Çeviri

In case inheritance has passed to the State, court of peace draws up formal book of estate pursuant to the rules above ex officio. The State, is responsible from debts recorded in the book in proportion to the values that it obtained by means of succession only.

 Çeviri  [MK. 630] İngilizce Çeviri

Debts of legator arising from surety are recorded to a different place on book and even though heirs accepted inheritance without any condition or reservation, they become liable from the amount of whatever would pass to the persons who are creditor because of surety in case estate has been liquidated from those debts pursuant to provisions of bankruptcy only.

 Çeviri  [MK. 629] İngilizce Çeviri

As well as heir towards creditors who have not recorded their credits within due period is not liable with his or her personal properties; he or she can not be deemed liable with properties which passed from estate to him or her. However, heir remains liable in proportion to his or her enrichment for credits of creditor which he or she could not recorded to the book unless having fault or for credits which not have been recorded even though he or she informed about. Creditors whose credits have been taken under assurance with estate properties, may take those rights of them from assurance even though they have not been recorded to the book.

 Çeviri  [MK. 628] İngilizce Çeviri

Inheritance accepted according to the formal book, passes to the heir with debts recorded to the book only. Passage of inheritance in this way, takes effect by starting from the opening date of inheritance. Heir, is liable both with the estate properties and with his or her own assets from debts of legator recorded to the book.

 Çeviri  [MK. 627] İngilizce Çeviri

Each one of heirs may declare within period allotted that he or she has renounced, requested formal liquidation of or accepted inheritance according to the book or without any condition or reservation. The heir who has not made any declaration within due period, is regarded accepted inheritance according to the book being kept.

 Çeviri  [MK. 626] İngilizce Çeviri

Every heir is called by the court to make declaration within one month after examination period of book expired. In case conditions necessitated, court of peace may bestow extra time for new appraisal of estate goods, settlement of disputes or similar situations.

 Çeviri  [MK. 625] İngilizce Çeviri

As long as formal bookkeeping lasts, there may not be made execution proceeding for debts of legator. It does not run lapse of time within that period. Except immediate cases, as well as not can be proceeded lawsuits, there can not be filed a new lawsuit either.

 Çeviri  [MK. 624] İngilizce Çeviri

Requisite administration tasks can be done during bookkeeping only. Other heirs may request from the heir to provide assurance to whom performing of jobs of legator has been left by the court of peace.

 Çeviri  [MK. 623] İngilizce Çeviri

Bookkeeping terminates by expiration of period designated on publication and the book may be examined by those concerned within at least one month to be alloted starting from that date. Costs of bookkeeping shall be paid from estate. If costs can not be covered from estate, they are taken from the heirs who requested bookkeeping.

 Çeviri  [MK. 622] İngilizce Çeviri

Credits and debts of which understood their existence from formal records or documents of legator, are entered to book directly. Those entered to book directly, are informed to creditors and debtors.

 Çeviri  [MK. 621] İngilizce Çeviri

The court of peace, calls creditors and debtors in order to inform their credits and debts within a certain period by publication to be made twice and one month intermittently. Call, includes persons who have been creditors or debtors because of surety as well. Creditors are warned about consequences of not to inform. Period of notification, is at least one month starting from the second publication.

 Çeviri  [MK. 620] İngilizce Çeviri

Formal book, is drawn up by the court of peace; assets and liabilities belonging to estate are recorded to that book with their appraised values. Every person who has knowledge about financial condition of legator, is obliged to give knowledge required by the court of peace. Those who do not give knowledge or give wrong or deficient knowledge unless being just cause, are liable to indemnify damage arising from that to heirs, creditors of will and third persons. Heirs are especially obliged to notify credits of legator known by them to the court of peace. It is designated how to keep formal book by regulation.

 Çeviri  [MK. 619] İngilizce Çeviri

Every heir who has right of renunciation of inheritance, may request to be kept formal book of estate. Bookkeeping, is requested from judge of peace within one month by means of obeying to procedure regarding renunciation of inheritance. Request of bookkeeping of one of heirs becomes effective about other ones as well.

 Çeviri  [MK. 618] İngilizce Çeviri

Heirs who renounced of inheritance of a legator who was in insolvency, towards creditor of him or her, shall be liable proportional to the value which they have taken from him or her within five years before his or her death and will be obliged to return in partitioning of inheritance. Education and training expenses and dowry given for the purpose of custom are excluded from this liability. Heirs with good faith, are just liable in proportional to their enrichment that is at the time of returning.

 Çeviri  [MK. 617] İngilizce Çeviri

If the heir whose assets do not suffice for his or her debts renounces of inheritance with the purpose of damaging his or her creditors; creditors of him or her or administration of bankruptcy may file lawsuit regarding annulment of renunciation within six months starting from the date of renunciation in case not provided adequate assurance for them. If ruled on annulment of renunciation, inheritance is liquidated formally. If anything falls to the share of the heir who renounced of inheritance from inheritance liquidated in this way, first of all are paid credits of creditors who made objection, then credits of other creditors from this. As to values remained, they are given to the heirs who will benefit from renunciation if it were valid.

 Çeviri  [MK. 616] İngilizce Çeviri

In case creditor of will has renounced of inheritance, obligor of will shall benefit from this renunciation unless understood from disposition of legator that wish of him or her was different.

 Çeviri  [MK. 615] İngilizce Çeviri

In case there have been important reasons, judge of peace may enlarge renunciation period alloted to legal and appointed heirs or allot them a new period.

 Çeviri  [MK. 614] İngilizce Çeviri

Heirs, while renouncing of inheritance, may request before liquidation their subsequent heirs to be asked whether they will accept inheritance or not. Renunciation in this case, is notified to the following heirs by judge of peace; in case they do not accept inheritance within one month, they are deemed renounced. Inheritance thereupon, is liquidated according to provisions of bankcruptcy and values remained at the end of liquidation are given to the preceding heirs.

 Çeviri  [MK. 613] İngilizce Çeviri

In case all of descendants have renounce of inheritance, shares of them pass to surviving spouse.

 Çeviri  [MK. 612] İngilizce Çeviri

Inheritance that has been renounced by all of closest legal heirs, is liquidated according to provisions of bankruptcy by the court of peace. Values remained at the end of liquidation, shall be given to right owners as if they have not renounce of inheritance.

 Çeviri  [MK. 611] İngilizce Çeviri

If one of legal heirs renounce of his or her inheritance, his or her share passes to right owners as if he or she was not alive at the time of opening of inheritance. Share of appointed heir who renounced of inheritance, descends to closest legal heirs of legator, unless understood from testamentary disposition of legator that wish of him or her was different.

 Çeviri  [MK. 609] İngilizce Çeviri

Renunciation of inheritance, shall be made by heirs at the court of peace by oral or written declaration. Renunciation has to be made without any condition or reservation. Judge of peace, retains oral or written declaration under an official document. Declaration of renunciation made in due time, shall be recorded to its private file by the court of peace where inheritance opened and if the heir renounced requires, a document signifying renunciation is granted to him or her. It shall be determined by a regulation how to be formed of official document and file.

 Çeviri  [MK. 610] İngilizce Çeviri

The heir who has not renounced of inheritance within legal term, shall be deemed acquired inheritance without any condition or reservation. Heir who involved in estate matters as heir before period of renunciation expired, made jobs not in characteristic of ordinary administration of estate or jobs other than ones necessary for conducting jobs of legator or concealed estate properties or appropriated them for himself or herself, may not renounce of inheritance. Filing lawsuit or starting execution proceeding in order to prevent expiration of limitation periods or foreclosures, shall not remove right of renunciation.

 Çeviri  [MK. 608] İngilizce Çeviri

Right of renunciation of legator who died before he or she renounced of inheritance, passes to his or her own heirs. Period of renunciation for those heirs, starts from the date on which they have discovered that inheritance passed to their legator. Nevertheles that period, shall not expire unless the period allotted to heir for renunciation of inheritance passed from their legator. If inheritance passes as a result of renunciation to those who were not heirs previously, period of renunciation for them, starts to run from the date on which they have discovered that have been renounced of inheritance by previous heirs.

 Çeviri  [MK. 607] İngilizce Çeviri

Period of renunciation of inheritance in case of recording of estate as a protection measure, starts to run for legal and appointed heirs by being informed them by judge of peace of recording transaction has been terminated .

 Çeviri  [MK. 606] İngilizce Çeviri

There may be renounced of inheritance, within three months. This period, starts to run for legal heirs from the date on which they discovered the death of legator unless has been proved that they discovered their heirship later; for heirs appointed by will, from the date on which disposition of legator has been notified formally to them.

 Çeviri  [MK. 605] İngilizce Çeviri

Legal and appointed heirs have right to renounce of inheritance. It is deemed renounced of inheritance, if insolvency of legator is certain obviously or determined formally on the date of his or her death.

 Çeviri  [MK. 604] İngilizce Çeviri

If heirs, pay debts of legator which they did not know previously after fulfilling obligation of will, they shall have right of reclaiming that given from creditor of will as a rate that they can claim the will to be reduced. Creditor of will, may only be deemed liable in proportional to his or her enrichment existing at the time of reclaiming.

 Çeviri  [MK. 603] İngilizce Çeviri

Rights of creditors of legator, take precedence of rights of creditors of will, rights of creditors of will, take precedence of rights of creditors of heirs as well. Creditors of heirs who accepted inheritance without any condition or reservation and creditors of legator shall have the same rights.

 Çeviri  [MK. 602] İngilizce Çeviri

Right of action of creditor of will, becomes time barred by elapsing ten years from the time on which he or she discovered voluntary disposition causa mortis or if debt of will will become due later, from the date of becoming due.

 Çeviri  [MK. 601] İngilizce Çeviri

Right of request of a person in favour of whom has been bequethed right of usurfruct or right of revenue or any other performance repeated at certain intervals, is subject to the rules of property law and law of obligations unless specified any other principle in disposition. Person to whom bequethed a credit of insurance to be paid for on legator's death, is entitled to exercise his or her right of request arising from contract of insurance directly towards insurer.

 Çeviri  [MK. 600] İngilizce Çeviri

Creditor of will,shall have a personal right of request towards official of execution of will if there is any; if not, towards legal or appointed heirs. This credit, becomes due by acception of inheritance by obligor of will or by forfeiture of right of refusal unless is understood otherwise from dispositon. Creditor of will, may plead delivery of property bequeathed or transfer of right; if subject of will is an act, indemnification of damage arising from nonfulfilment of that towards the obligor of will who not fulfilled his or her obligation.

 Çeviri  [MK. 599] İngilizce Çeviri

Heirs, acquire inheritance as a whole by death of legator, pursuant to law. Provided that exceptional conditions reserved by law, heirs acquire real rights, credits, other rights of assets, possessions over movable or immovable properties of legator directly and become liable from debts of him or her personally. Appointed heirs, acquire inheritance by death of legator as well. Legal heirs, are liable to deliver to appointed heirs inheritance fallen to them pursuant to provisions of possession.

 Çeviri  [MK. 598] İngilizce Çeviri

(Amended Article: Article 19 of the Law dated March 31,2011 and numbered 6217) A certificate is granted to the persons who have determined as legal heir upon request of them signifying their capacities of heirship by judge of peace or public notaryship. Unless brought objection by heirs or other creditors of will to appointment of heir or testamentary disposition concerning will within one month starting from notification to them, a certificate is granted to the person in favour of him or her has been made disposition, signifying that he or she has been appointed heir or creditor of will. There can be set forth invalidity of certificate of inheritance at any time. Right of action concerning annulment of testamentary disposition is reserved.

 Çeviri  [MK. 597] İngilizce Çeviri

It is serviced to each one of those who has right in inheritance certified copy of sections of will belonging to their persons by judge so as to be belonged its cost to estate. It is serviced to those who not known where they are sections of will belonging to their persons by announcement.