Bilgi  [TTK. 1016] 09.11.2005 Tarihli Türk Ticaret Kanunu Tasarısı 1138 ilâ 1271 nci Maddelere İlişkin Genel Açıklamalar
6762 sayılı Kanunun Dördüncü Kitabının Dördüncü Faslının 1016 ilâ 1178 inci maddeleri arasında “Deniz Ticaret Mukaveleleri” düzenlenmiştir. 6762 sayılı Kanun, dört kısımda dört sözleşme türünü ele almaktadır: eşya taşıma (navlun) mukaveleleri (1016 ilâ 1118 inci maddeler), yolcu taşıma mukavelesi (1119 ilâ 1132 nci maddeler), denizaşırı satış mukaveleleri (1133 ilâ 1158 inci maddeler) ve deniz ödüncü mukavelesi (1159 ilâ 1178 inci maddeler). Deniz ödüncünün gemi rehninin modern şekilleri ile ika...

 Bilgi  [TTK. 1016] 09.11.2005 Tarihli Türk Ticaret Kanunu Tasarısı madde 1138 ve Gerekçesi
ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM Navlun (Denizde Eşya Taşıma) Sözleşmesi BİRİNCİ AYIRIM Genel Hükümler A) Sözleşmenin türleri Madde 1138 - (1) Navlun sözleşmesiyle taşıyan, navlun karşılığında; a) Geminin tamamını veya bir kısmını ya da belli bir yerini taşıtana tahsis ederek denizde eşya taşımayı üstlenir (yolculuk çarteri sözleşmesi); veya b) Ayırdedilmiş eşyayı (parça eşya) denizde taşımayı üstlenir (kırkambar sözleşmesi). (2) Bu Bölümdeki hükümler posta idaresinin denizde eşya taşımalarına uyg...

 Bilgi  [TTK. 1016] 09.11.2005 Tarihli Türk Ticaret Kanunu Tasarısı 1131 ilâ 1137 nci Maddeler ve Gerekçeleri
İKİNCİ BÖLÜM Zaman Çarteri Sözleşmesi A) Tanımı Madde 1131 - (1) Zaman çarteri sözleşmesi öyle bir sözleşmedir ki, bununla tahsis eden, donatılmış bir geminin ticarî yönetimini belli bir süre için ve bir ücret karşılığında tahsis olunana bırakmayı üstlenir. (2) Geminin teknik yönetimini elinde bulunduran tahsis eden, geminin zilyedi sayılır. Madde Gerekçesi: 1966 tarihli Fransız Kanununun 5 inci maddesinden alınan bu hükümde zaman çarteri sözleşmesi, onu benzer sözleşmelerden ayırt...

 Bilgi  [TTK. 1016] 09.11.2005 Tarihli Türk Ticaret Kanunu Tasarısı 1131 ilâ 1137 nci Maddelere İlişkin Genel Açıklamalar
Deniz ticareti uygulamasında gemi kira sözleşmeleri ile navlun sözleşmelerinin yanında sıkça zaman çarteri sözleşmesi de kullanılmaktadır. 6762 sayılı Kanunda bu sözleşmelere ilişkin kapsamlı bir düzenleme bulunmamaktadır. Uygulamada taraflar böyle bir sözleşme ile borç altına girmek istediklerinde çoğunlukla tip sözleşmelere başvurmaktadırlar. Bu sözleşmelerde hüküm bulunmayan hallerde hangi genel hükümlerin uygulanabileceği tereddütlere sebep olmuştur. Bu sebeble milletlerarası uygulamanın ışı...

 Bilgi  [TTK. 890] 09.11.2005 Tarihli Türk Ticaret Kanunu Tasarısı 1119 ilâ 1130 ncu Maddeler ve Gerekçeleri
DÖRDÜNCÜ KISIM Deniz Ticareti Sözleşmeleri BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM Gemi Kira Sözleşmeleri A) Tanımı ve türleri Madde 1119 - (1) Gemi kira sözleşmesi öyle bir sözleşmedir ki, bununla kiralayan, belirli bir süre için geminin kullanılmasını, kira bedeli karşılığında, kiracıya bırakmayı üstlenir. (2) Kiralayanın, gemi ile birlikte gemi adamlarını da kiracının emrine vermeyi üstlenmesi, sözleşmenin niteliğini değiştirmez. Madde Gerekçesi: 6762 sayılı Kanunda bulunmayan yeni bir hükümdür. Ma...

 İçtihat  [MK. 178] YARGITAY 8.Hukuk Dairesi, Esas:2010/948, Karar: 2010/1424

Ne sebepten doğmuş olursa olsun “her türlü alacak”kural olarak zamanaşımına tabi olup mal rejimine yönelik katkı payı alacağı için de belirli bir süre sessiz kalınırsa bu hareketsizlik o alacağın artık dava edilmesine engel oluşturur.Başka bir anlatımla zamanaşımı söz konusu olur.4721 sayılı TMK’nun yürürlüğe girdiği 1.1.2002 tarihinden sonra evlilik birliği içinde edinilen mallarla ilgili açılan değer atış payı ve katılma alacağına ilişkin talepler bakımından TMK’nun 178.maddesinde yazılı 1...

 Çeviri  [TCK. 217] İngilizce Çeviri

1) A person who publicly provokes the public to disobey the law and such provocation is capable of disturbing public peace shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of six months to two years or a judicial fine.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 189] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Security measures specific to legal entities shall be imposed where an offence relating to the production and trading of narcotics and pyschotropic substances is committed in the course of the activities of a legal entity.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 56] İngilizce Çeviri

1) The types of security measures and their enforcement procedures particular to minors are defined in the relevant statute.

 İçtihat  [İşK. Geçici Madde 1] Yargıtay 9. Hukuk Dairesi 2010/1530 E. 2010/5615 K.

Karar iş davalarında, bilirkişilerin ve mahkemelerin çokça düştüğü bir yanılgıyı düzeltmektedir. İşçilik alacaklarına ilişkin kararlarda, net-brüt ayrımı yapılmadığı için infazda tereddüte yol açmakta ve işverenin mükerreren bazı ödemelerde bulunmasına yol açmaktadır. Bu nedenle bilirkişi raporu ve mahkeme kararında yasal kesintiler yapıldıktan sonra karar verilmelidir.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 193] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Any person who, without permission, produces, possesses, sells or transports substances which are poisonous which may only be produced, possessed or sold with permission shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of two months to one year.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 189] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Security measures specific to legal entities shall be imposed where an offence reating to the production and trading of narcotics and psychotropic substances is committed in the course of the activities of a legal entity.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 183] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Any person who causes noise in a way which is capable of harming the health of another and is contrary to the obligations identified in the relevant laws shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of two months to one year or a judicial fine.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 178] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Any person who removes, alter or fails to place a sign or barricade which are necessary to prevent the dangers derived from works conducted in public place or from items left in association with such work shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of two to six months or a judicial fine.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 176] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Any person who fails to take precautions during construction or demolition activities that are necessary for safeguarding human life or physical integrity shal be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of three months to one year or a judicial fine.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 175] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Any person who fails to discharge his duty to care or look after a person suffering from a mental disorder in such a way as to create a danger to the life, health or property of others shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of up to six months or a judicial fine.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 169] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Where the offences of theft, abuse of trust or theft by deception are committed and, as a result, a legal entity derives unjust benefit from such, then security measures specific to legal entities shall be imposed upon that legal entity.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 166] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Any person, having obtained property through a legal transaction, who fails to notify, without delay, the relevant authorities responsible for upholding law and order, upon becoming aware that such property has been acquired through the commission of an offence or a result of an offence shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of up to six months or a judicial fine.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 165] İngilizce Çeviri

1) (As amended by 26/6/2009 – 5918/3Art) Any person who purchases or accepts property which was acquired through the commission of an offence shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of six months to three years and a judicial fine up to one thousand days.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 162] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Any person who goes bankrupt as a result of his failure to discharge proper care and attention to be expected from a merchant, shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of two months to one year.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 160] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Any person who enjoys the use of property, which has been lost by its owner or obtained by mistake as if he were the owner of such property without informing the relevant authorities or returning such propery, shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of up to one year or a judicial fine upon complaint.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 159] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Where a person commits theft by deception in order to collect a debt which derives from a lawful relationship, he shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of six months to one year or a judicial fine upon complaint.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 157] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Any person who deceives another through fraudulent behaviour and secures a gain for himself or others, and causes loss to the victim or another person shall be sentenced to penalty of imprisonment for a term of one to five years and a judicial fine up to five thousand days.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 156] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Any person who uses a bond without value shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of six months to two years and a judicial fine upon complaint.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 151] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Any person who partially or completely destroys, demolishes, eliminates, damages, renders unusable or sils another person's movable or immovable property shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of four months to three years or a judicial fine upon complaint. 2) Any person who kills or harms an animal without reasonable excuses in such a way as to render it unusable or as to lower its value, the provisions of the above section shall be applied.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 150] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Where a person uses force or threats in order to collect a debt which derives from a lawful relationship, the provisions relating to intentional injury and threat shall apply. 2) Where the value of the property in the offence of robbery is minimal, then the penalty may be reduced by one third to one half.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 147] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Where the offence of theft is committed as a result of an urgent and serious need, the penalty to be imposed may be either reduced or waived altogether, having taken into account the circumstances of the situation.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 146] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Where the offence of theft is committed with the intention of returning the property to the owner after having used the property temporarily, the penalty to be imposed shall be reduced by one half upon complaint. Where such property is used to commit a crime, then this provision shall not be applicable.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 145] İngilizce Çeviri

1) The penalty to be imposed for the offence of theft may be reduced if the value ıf property concerned is minimaland, in such circumstances, may be waived altogether after having taken into account the type and characteristics of the offence.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 144] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Where any person commmits the crime of theft a) and he has joint or co-ownership of the property b) with the aim of collecting a debt owed through a legal relationship he shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of two months to one year or a judicial fine upon complaint.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 143] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Where the offence of theft is committed during the night, the penalty shall be increased by up to one third.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 141] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Any person who appropriates removable property from its place without the consent of the individual in whose possession it is in order to derive benefit for himself or a thir party shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of one year to three years. 2) Any form of energy which has an economic value shall be considered to be removable property.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 140] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Security measures specific to legal entities shall be imposed where offences defined in the above articles are committed by legal entities.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 139] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Excluding the offences of recording of personal data, illegally obtaining or giving data and destruction of data, the commencement of an investigation and prosecution for the offences listed in this part are subject to complaint.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 138] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Any person who fails to destroy data in accordance with the prescribed procedures, before the expiry of the legally prescribed period for destruction shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of six months to one year.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 136] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Any person who illegally obtains, disseminates or gives to another person someone's personal data shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of one to four years.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 135] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Any person who illegally records personal data shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of six months to three years. 2) Any person who illegally records personal data on another person's political, philosophical or religious opinions, their racial origins, their illagal moral tendencies,sexual lives, health or relations to trade unions shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment in accordance with the above section.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 134] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Any person who violates the privacy of another person's personal life shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of six months to two years or a judicial fine. Where the violation of privacy occurs as a result of recording images or sound, the penalty of imprisonment to be imposed shall not be less than one year. 2) Any person who discloses the images or sounds of another person's private life shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment from a term of one to three years. Where the offence is committed through the press or broadcasting, the penalty shall be increased by one half.

 İçtihat  [İİK. 5] YARGITAY 4.HD E:2003/4573 K:2003/10365

İcra müdür yardımcılarının yapmış olduğu eylem ve işlemlerin yasaya ya da genel mevzuata aykırı olması halinde icra müdürleriyle "birlikte" sorumlu tutulmaları gerekir.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 30] İngilizce Çeviri

(1) A person who is not aware of the substantial elements of the legal definition of a crime, cannot be deeemed to have acted on purpose. The penal liability stipulated due to negligence for this faulty act is excepted. (2) A person may avail himself of the fault who makes a mistake regarding the fulfillment of causes of increase or decrease of the penalty. (3) A person may avail himself of the fault who inevitably makes a mistake regarding the realization of the requirements of the grounds of elimination or mitigation of the liabiltiy. [4] (Inserted by the Act. No. 5377, dated 08.07.2005) A person cannot be penalized in case he inevitably makes a mistake on the illegality of the act performed.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 29] İngilizce Çeviri

(1) A person, who commits a crime under the influence of anger or severe pain caused by an unjustifiable incitement, shall be convicted to a sentence of 18 till 24 years in stead of an aggravated life sentence and 12 till 18 years in stead of a life sentence. In other cases there will be a reduction of the penalty by one fourth till three fourth.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 28] İngilizce Çeviri

(1) There will be no penalty for crimes committed as a result of irresistible or ineluctable use of force or pressure or a serious and imminent intimidation or threat. In these cases the person who exercised use of force and violence, intimidation and threat will be regarded as the offender.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 27] İngilizce Çeviri

(1) If a person unvoluntarily crosses the limits in the cases of justifiable grounds of elimination of criminal liability, the penalty will be reduced to one sixth till one third of the sum prescribed by law, providing the punishabitily of the action was stipulated by law when performed with negligence. (2) In case of lawful self-defense there will be no penalty if limits are crossed by justifiable excitement, fear or agitation.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 26] İngilizce Çeviri

(1) No one shall be penalized because of exercising his own legal right. (2) No one shall be penalized due to an act performed upon the consent of the victim regarding the rights which are within his full disposal.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 25] İngilizce Çeviri

(1) A person is not criminally liable for the acts of defence which are deemed as necessary to avert the danger under the existing circumtances and which are proportionate with the existing, imminent or repetitive unjustified attack against himself or against the rights of others. (2) A person is not criminally liable if confronted with a serious or imminent danger to himself, another person or property, he performs an act necessary to ensure the safety of the person or property, provided that the instruments used are proportionate with the gravity of the threat and that the danger was not caused deliberately by the perpetrator himself.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 24] İngilizce Çeviri

[1] A person is not criminally liable due to an act stipulated or authorised by law. [2] A person is not criminally liable who performs an action ex officio and commanded by a lawful authority. [3] An order which is of a criminal nature shall not be executed under no circumstances. Otherwise, the person who gives the order and the person who executes it will be both liable. (4) The superior shall be solely liable for the performance of the illegal order the legality of which cannot be questioned due to the existing law.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 23] İngilizce Çeviri

[1] If an act leads to a consequence which is different or more serious than what was attempted, at least action by negligence is required in order to hold the perpetrator criminally liable for the result occurred.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 22] İngilizce Çeviri

[1] Acts of negligence can only be penalized if the punishability was strictly laid down by law. [2] Negligence is the accomplishment of the result of a legally defined crime without envisaging this due to a lack of prudence and diligence. [3] There is conscious negligence if the result envisaged by the perpetrator occurs notwithstanding the act was not intentional; In this case the sentence will be increased by one third to half. [4] The penalty of negligence shall be determined in proportion of the perpetrator’s fault. [5] Every person will each be personally liable for his own fault when more than one persons commit a crime by negligence. The penalty of each person will be determined separately as regards his fault. [6] No penalty shall be inflicted for a person if the result occurred due to a negligent act has victimized the perpetrator solely pertaining to his personal and family ties and thus the punishment became unnecessary. The penalty will be reduced to one half or one sixth in case of conscious negligence.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 21] İngilizce Çeviri

[1] Intention is obligatory to establish a crime . Intention is the accomplishment of the constituting elements of the legal definition of a crime consciously and on purpose. [2] A person shall be deemed to have been acted with probable intention in case he acts envisaging the legally constituting elements of the crime can be realised. In such a case, an aggravated life sentence will be reduced to a life sentence and a life sentence will be reduced to a sentence of 20 to 25 years. The reduction is one third of the main sentence for the rest of the other offences.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 20] İngilizce Çeviri

[1] Criminal Liability is strictly personal. No one can be held criminally liable for acts of others. [2] No criminal sanction can be applied against legal persons. However, safety measures stipulated by law attributable to an offence are excepted.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 19] İngilizce Çeviri

[1] The penalty adjudicated according to Turkish law cannot surmount the maximum penalty envisaged in the country where the crime is committed when judging crimes committed outside the scope of sovereignty of Turkey. [2] The first paragraph of this article shall not be applied in case the crime was committed: a) Against the security of Turkey or in detriment of the security of Turkey, b) Against a Turkish citizen or in detriment of a legal person founded pursuant to Turkish Law.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 18] İngilizce Çeviri

[1] A foreigner who has been convicted or subjected to a penal investigation due to an offence committed or alleged to have been committed abroad may be exradited on a formal request by the foreign Country.However, extradition is not possible, if the alleged offence : a) Is not deemed as a penal crime by the Turkish law, b) Is of a military or political nature or pertains to the right to freedom of expression, c) Committed against the national security of Turkish State or to the detriment of the Turkish State or a Turkish citizen or a legal person established pursuant to the Turkish Law, d)Falls within the criminal jurisdiction of Turkey, e) Is not statute-barred or covered by amnesty. [2] A citizen cannot be extradited to a foreign country due to an offence , save the obligations deriving from being subject to the International Criminal Court’s jurisdiction. [3] The extradition demand should not be accepted if there are strong indications that the person shall be prosecuted, punished, exposed to torture or bad treatment because of his ethnicity, religion, citizenship, political beliefs and being a member of a social group. [4] The criminal court of the place where the person is situated shall decide on the matter of extradition according to this article and international conventions to which Turkey is a party. This decision is appealable. [5] If the court accepts the extradition demand , this decision shall be executed upon the resolution of the Counsel...

 Çeviri  [TCK. 17] İngilizce Çeviri

[1] The Court shall render on a formal request by the public prosecutor that the legal consequences regulated via Turkish Law shall be applicable in the cases stipulated by the above mentioned Articles, provided that the judgment rendered abroad envisages deprivation of rights due to the Turkish Laws and which is in conformity with the Turkish Law Order .

 Çeviri  [TCK. 16] İngilizce Çeviri

[1] The period elapsed during the arrest, custody, detention or conviction for an offence committed anywhere in abroad, shall be deducted from the sentence which is to be sent up by the Turkish Courts for the very offence.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 15] İngilizce Çeviri

[1] The term of the penalty which is particularly deemed a requisite for prosecution shall be calculated by taking into consideration both the lower limits of the legal aggravating circumstances and the upper limits of the legal mitigating circumstances which were alleged during the prosecution.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 14] İngilizce Çeviri

[1] No prosecution or preliminary inquiry shall be held for the cases stipulated by the Articles 11 and 12 , providing the jail sentence and legal fines were envisaged as optional punishments by the Article laying down the very offence.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 13] İngilizce Çeviri

[1] Turkish law should be applied for the following offences providing that the act was committed abroad by either a citizen or a foreigner: a) Offences laid down under the First Section of the Book Two, b) Offences laid down by the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth parts under the Fourth Section of the Book Two, c)Torture (Articles 94,95) d) Willfully Causing of Environmental Pollution (Art. 181) e)Production or trafficking in Drugs or other stimulant's (Art. 188), or facilitating use of drugs or other stimulants. f) Money Counterfeiting (Art. 197), production or trafficking of means designed for the manufacturing of money or seals (Art. 200), forgery of seal of the State (Art. 202) g) Prostitution (Art. 227) h) Bribery (Art. 252) i) Hijacking or taking over of aviation, railway or seaway vehicles of transport (Art. 223, paragraphs 2,3) or destruction or defacing offences committed against these vehicles.(Art. 152) [2] (Amended by the Act. No. 5377, dated 08.07.2005) Prosecution due to the offences laid down via the first paragraph is subject due a formal request by the Minister Of Justice, excepting the offences laid down by the third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh sections under the Fourth Section of the Book Two. [3] ] A re-trial shall be made due the offences stipulated by the provisions (a) and (b) of the first paragraph of this Article on a formal request by the Minister Of Justice, notwithstanding a sentence or acquittal decision wa...

 Çeviri  [TCK. 12] İngilizce Çeviri

[1] A foreigner shall be punished pursuant to the Turkish law, save the crimes laid down by the Art. 13, if the crime punishable with at least one year of imprisonment was committed in a foreign country to the detriment of Turkey and the perpetrator is stationed in Turkey.The prosecution is subject to a formal request by Minister of Justice. [2] The perpetrator shall be punished via the Turkish law on victim's complaint, in case the crime mentioned in the above paragraph was committed in abroad to the detriment of a Turkish citizen or a legal person established according to Turkish law, provided that a foreign sentence was not rendered due to the very crime and the perpetrator is stationed in Turkey. [3] In case the victim is a foreigner, the perpetrator shall be prosecuted on a formal request of Minister of Justice, in case : a) The crime committed is punishable with a minimum term not less than 3 years of imprisonment, b) Lacking of an agreement of extradition or the formal request of extradition is not accepted by the governments of either the Country of perpetrator's origin or the act was accomplished. [4] A re-trial shall be made due to an offence stipulated by the first paragraph of this Article on a formal request by the minister of justice for the foreigner who has been sentenced or acquitted or whose act that is no more indictable or whose case or punishment is cleared .

 Çeviri  [TCK. 11] İngilizce Çeviri

[1] A Turkish citizen shall be punished via the Turkish law, save the crimes laid down by the Art. 13, if the crime punishable with at least one year of imprisonment was committed in a foreign country and the perpetrator is stationed in Turkey, provided that a foreign sentence was not given due to the offence and the prosecution is probable. [2] In case the crime punishable with a minimum term of less than one year is committed in abroad, the prosecution is subject to complaint by the victim or the competent authorities of the foreign country. In such case, the complaint is limited with a period of 6 months which embarks upon the date the citizen entered in Turkey

 Çeviri  [TCK. 10] İngilizce Çeviri

[1] A person who is in charge of a formal occupation or a mission on behalf of Turkey commits an occupational offence in the Foreign countries shall be re-judged in Turkey, notwithstanding even a conviction decision rendered by a foreign Court due to this offence.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 9] İngilizce Çeviri

[1] A person who has been sentenced in the foreign countries due to an offence committed in Turkey shall be re-judged in Turkey.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 8] İngilizce Çeviri

[1] Turkish law is applicable to all offences committed in the territory of Turkey.A crime shall be deemed to have been committed in Turkey where either its act in part or total or consequences of which occurred within Turkey. [2] The offence shall be deemed to have been committed in Turkey if it was committed : a) In the Turkish continent and air space or territorial waters, b) In or by the Turkish ships or aircrafts in the high sea or within its air space, c) In or by the Turkish battle ships or aircrafts, d) In or against the stationary platforms built in the continental shelf or exclusive economic zone of Turkey.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 7] İngilizce Çeviri

[1] No one may be punished or be subject to safety measures for an act which is not deemed by explicit stipulations of law as a crime in the time of the act. No one also may be punished or be subject to safety measures for an act which is not deemed as a crime by law passed after the time of commission. The execution or the legal consequences of such a punishment or a safety measure shall be per se abolished. [2] In case the legal provisions of the new Acts and the Acts which were in force in the time of the commission differ , the ones which are favourable for the perpetrator are applicable and executable. [3] (Amended by the Act. No. 5377, dated 08.07.2005) Save the provisions regarding the probation, adjournment of punishment and repetition of crimes; the provisions of this Act pertaining to punishment regime shall be applied in praesenti. [4] The provisional and periodic Acts shall be applied for the offences which are perpetrated during the term of their application.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 6] İngilizce Çeviri

(1) For the purposes of this law : a)Citizen : shall mean the person who is Turkish in the time of the conduct; b) Minor : shall mean the person who is under eighteen years of age; c) Public official : shall mean the person who participates within the operation of public service as permanently, periodically or transitionally either by way of being elected or nominated or by any reasons. d) Judiciary : shall mean the attorneys; judges and public prosecutors and the associate judges of the High Courts, Common, Military and Administrative courts. e) Night Time : shall mean the period which embarks upon one hour later than the sunset and ends one hour earlier than the sunrise. f) Weapon shall mean : 1. Fire Arms 2. Explosives 3. Any kind of cutter, penetrative or bruisor tool which are made to be used for assault or defence 4. Other tools that are capable to be used in assault or defence even they were not made for those purposes. 5. Nuclear, radioactive , chemical and biological material which are of igniter, corrosive, scathing, suffocating and intoxicating nature and which may cause permanent disease. g) By way of Press and Publication: shall mean any kind of publication broadcasted by written, visual, audio and electronically mass media. h)Habitual Criminal : shall mean the person who has committed an intentional offence or its aggravated or mitigated forms in different times more than once a year . ı)Professional Criminal : shall mean the pers...

 Çeviri  [TCK. 5] İngilizce Çeviri

(1) The general provisions of this Code shall be applied for the private penal laws and the crimes which were regulated by the other statutes.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 4] İngilizce Çeviri

(1) Lack of knowledge relating to the existence of the penal laws cannot be deemed as a valid excuse to avoid punishment. (2) (repealed)

 Çeviri  [TCK. 3] İngilizce Çeviri

(1) The punishments and the safety measures shall be proportionate with the gravity of the conduct committed. (2) For the purposes of this act, no one could be granted privileges nor be subject to discrimination depending upon his race, language, religion, sect, nationality, political or any other thoughts, philosophical belief, national or social origin, birth and economical or social statues.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 2] İngilizce Çeviri

(1) An act may only be punished or be subject to a safety measure if its punishability was explicitly determined by law. No punishment or a safety measure can be applied other than those which are provided for by the law. (2) İt is not permitted to decree crimes or punishments by administrative regulatory acts. (3) Analogy cannot be applied in the implementation of the penal provisions.The provisions stipulating crimes and punishments cannot be interpreted widely to lead to analogy.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 1] İngilizce Çeviri

The purpose of this Code is to prevent commission of crimes and to protect human rights and freedoms, public order and security, public health, environment and the social peace. This Code stipulates the basic principles of penal liability, crimes and safety measures for the realization of these purposes.

 İçtihat  [MK. 168] Yargıtay 2. Hukuk Dairesi 2006/ 11323 Esas 2006/ 17868 Karar

1587 Sayılı Nüfus Kanunu’nun 28. maddesi 21.10.2003 gün 4992 Sayılı Yasanın 1. maddesi ile yürürlükten kaldırılmış 5490 Sayılı Nüfus Hizmetleri Kanunu’nda da buna ilişkin bir hükme yer verilmemiştir. Artık nüfusa kayıtlı olunan yerin yerleşim yerine karine olmasına ilişkin kuralın dayanağı kalmamıştır.

 İçtihat  [MK. 168] Yargıtay Hukuk Genel Kurulu 2007/ 2-331 Esas 2007/ 332 Karar

Davacı kadının yerleşebileceği tek yerin baba evi olduğu ayrı ev açıp orada hayatını idame ettirmesinin mevcut şartlarda mümkün bulunmadığı anlaşılmaktadır. Davacı kadının sürekli kalma niyeti ile baba evine gittiğinin ve hayatını burada devam ettireceğinin kabulü zorunlu bulunmaktadır. Bu itibarla dava yetkili mahkemede açılmıştır.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 131] İngilizce Çeviri

Conditions for Investigation and Prosecution 1) Excluding those offences committed against a public officer on account of his duty, the investigation and prosecution of an offence of insult shall be subject to the filing of a complaint by the victim. 2) If the victim dies before filing the complaint or if the offence is committed against the memory of a deceased person, a complaint may be filed by -up to the second degree- ascendants or descendants of the deceased or by his spouse or siblings.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 130] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Any person who, in presence of at least three persons, commits the offence of insult to the memory of a dead person shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of three months to two years or a judicial fine. If the offence of insult is committed publicly, the penalty shall be increased by one sixth. 2) Any person who removes fully or partially, or makes insulting statements about the body or bones of a person, shall be sentenced to a penalty or imprisonment for a term of three months to two years.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 129] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Where the insult is committed as a response to a civil tort, a penalty may be reduced by up to one third or it may not be imposed at all. 2) Where the offence is committed in response to an intentional injury, not penalty shall be imposed. 3) Where an insult is committed reciprocally, depending upon the nature of the case, the penalty to be imposed on one or both of them may be reduced by up to one third or it may not be imposed at all.

 Bilgi  [MK. 703] Tapu memurunun tebligat yoluyla elbirliği mülkiyeti müşterek mülkiyete çevirmesi
mirasçıların tapuda bir araya getirilemediği ve dava ile uğraşmanın da bir hayli vakit alacağından denenmek istenmediği durumlarda; tek mirasçının veya vekilinin tapu dairesine giderek diğer iştirakçilere tebligat yaptırma suretiyle elbirliği mülkiyetinin paylı mülkiyete dönüştürülmesini isteme yolunu kullanmasını tavsiye ediyorum. İlgili genelgeyi de mesajıma ekliyorum,umarım işinize yarar. Genelge:1677 2009/6 TAPU VE KADASTRO …….BÖLGE MÜDÜRLÜĞÜNE …………………. İlgi : a) 16/08/1937...

 Çeviri  [TCK. 128] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Where an accusation or negative remark is made against a person within the context of written or verbal allegations or defences before a judicial or administrative authority, no penalty shall be imposed. However, it is a requirement that the accusation or remark is based upon actual and real facts and should be material to the dispute.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 127] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Where the subject matter of an accusation which constitutes a criminal offence is proven, the person shall receieve no penalty. The accusation shall be assumed to be proven upon the finalisation of a guilty verdict against the insulted person concerning such accusation. Otherwise, where there is an application to prove the accusation is true, the acceptance of such will depend upon whether there is a public interest to determine whether the accusation is true or whether the complainant consents to the process of proving the accusation. 2) Where a person is insulted by referring to an act which has been proved, there shall be a penalty.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 126] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Where, during the commission of the offence of insult, the name of the victim is not explicitly mentioned but there is no doubt that the insult was aimed at the victim or where the accusation is unclear but there is no doubt as to its character, then it shall be assumed that both his name was mentioned and the insult was expressed.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 125] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Any person who attributes an act or fact to a person in a manner that may impugn that person's honour, dignity or prestige, or attacks someone's honour, dignity or prestige by swearing shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of three months to two years or a judicial fine. To be culpable for an insult made in the absence of the victim, the act should be committed in the presence of at least three further people. 2) Where the act is committed by means of an oral, written or visual medium message addressing the victim, the penalty stated in the above section shall be imposed. 3) Where the insult is committed a) against a public officer due to the performance of his public duty b) because of declaring, altering or disseminating his religious, political, social believes, thoughts or convictions, or practising in accordance with the requirements and prohibitions of a religion he belongs to; or c) where the subject matter is deemed sacred to the religion, the person belongs to the penalty to be imposed shall not be less thanone year. 4) Where an insult is committed in public, the penalty to be imposed shall be increased by one sixth. 5) Where an insult is made which arises from the duties of public officials who are working as a committee, the offence shall be deemed to have been committed against all members of that committee. In these circumstances, the provisions of the article concerning successive offences shall be applied.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 124] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Where the communication between people is illegally prevented, a penalty of imprisonment of a term of six months to two years or a judicial fine shall be imposed. 2) Any person who illegally prevents the communication between public institutions shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of one to five years. 3) Where any kind of media broadcast or publication is illegally prevented, a penalty in accordance with the provision of section two shall be imposed.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 123] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Where a person persistently makes phone calls, creates noise or otherwise acts in an unlawful manner with the aim of disturbing a person's peace and harmony, the offender shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of three months to one year, upon the complaint of the victim.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 122] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Any person who discriminates against another person on the ground of language, race, colour, gender, disability, political view, philosophical belief, religion, sect or any similar reasons by a) preventing the sale or transfer of personal property or real estate, the performance or enjoyment of a service or who offers employment or refuses employment, b) withholding foodstuffs or refusing a service that is available to the public, c) preventing a person from carrying out an ordinary economic activity shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of six t oone year or a judicial fine.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 121] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Where the lodging of a petition to a relevant public authority by an individual in order to exercise a certain right is not accepted without legal basis, the offender shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of up to six months.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 120] İngilizce Çeviri

1) A public official who performs an unlawful search on a person or of his personal belongings, shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of three months to one year.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 119] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Where the offences of preventing education and training; preventing activities of a public institution or professional institution considered to be a public institution; preventing exercise of political rights; preventing exercise of the freedom of belief, thought and conviction; violation of the residence immunity; violation of the freedom to work and labour are committed a) by using a weapon, b) while concealing an identity or with an unsigned letter or by using a particular symbol, c) together by more than one person, d) by taking advantage of the power to invoke fear derived from a criminal organisation which exists or is assumed to exist, e) by misusing the influence derived from public office. the penalty to be imposed shall be doubled. 2) During the commission of these offences, if aggravated injury on account of its consequences occurs, then the provisions relating to intentional injury shall be additionally applied.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 118] İngilizce Çeviri

1) A person who uses force or threats in order to compel another person to be or not to be a member of a trade union, to attend or not to attend activities of a trade union, to leave a trade union or to leave a position of management of a trade union shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of six months to two years. 2) In the event that the activities of a trade union are prevented by the use of force, threats or by means of any other unlawful act, a penalty of imprisonment for a term of one to three years shall be imposed.

 İçtihat  [EskiBK. 520] Danıştay 13. Dairesi, Esas: 2008/5385, Karar: 2009/6596

İhalede sunduğu teklif değerlendirme dışı bırakılan adi şirket vasfındaki konsorsiyumun ortaklarından biri, kendi adına ve kendi uğradığı zararın tazmini için dava açmak ehliyetini haizdir.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 117] İngilizce Çeviri

1) Any person who violates the freedom to work or labour by using force, threats or by any other unlawful act shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of six months to two years or a judicial fine, upon the complaint of the victim. 2) Any person who employs another person or persons without payment or on a very low salary which is clearly disproportionate to the service provided, or subjects such person or persons to conditions of work and residence which are incompatible with human dignity by exploiting his helplessness, isolation or dependence, shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of six months to three years or a judicial fine which will not be less than hundred days. 3) Where a person provides an individual, or sends or transports an individual from one place to another with the aim of placing such person in the situation described in the above section, the same penalty shall be imposed. 4) A person who forces or threatens a worker or employer to increase or decrease earnings, or to accept an agreement with conditions that are different from those previously agreed upon, in order to cause the cessation, suspension or continuation of a suspension of work shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of six months to three years.

 Çeviri  [TCK. 116] İngilizce Çeviri

1) A person who enters an individual's residence or its associated buildings without consent, or a person who refuses to leave such after having entered with consent, shall be senteced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of six months to two years, upon the complaint of the victim. 2) Where the acts defined in section one are committed in a workplace or its associated buildings other than those where it is habitual to enter without consent, then a penalty of imprisonment for a term of six months to one year or a judicial fine shall be imposed. 3) The provisions of the above section are not to be applied where a family member of a household or where a residence or workplace is shared, one of the sharers, gives his consent. The giving of consent should be for a legitimate purpose. 4) Where the act is carried out by using force, threats or is committed at night, then a penalty of imprisonment for a term of one to three years shall be imposed.

 Önerge  [İİK. 67] Takip talebine itiraz edilen alacaklı, itirazın tebliği tarihinden VEYA VAKİ İTİRAZA ITTILA TARİHİNDEN itibaren bir sene içinde mahkemeye başvurarak, genel hükümler dairesinde alacağının varlığını ispat suretiyle itirazın iptalini dava edebilir. Bu süre vaki itiraz tarihinden itibaren 14 ayı geçemez.

 Bilgi  [İİK. 34] İlama müstenit olan icra takiplerinde bütün icra dairelerinin yetkili olduğu
Alacaklı ilamlı takip dosyasını yeni yerleşim yeri icra dairesine havalesini isterse buna dair posta giderlerini icra müdürlüğüne vermek suretiyle yeni icra dairesine havale yapılır.Yeni icra dairesinden yeni esas no istenir ve ve bu şekilde dosya işlemden kaldırılarak alacaklıdan harç alınmaz.Sadece mahkeme tarafında verilen ilamlar değil aynı zamanda İİK 38 maddesinde ilam niteliğine haiz olan belgeler ile 1136 sayılı yasanın 35/A maddesi gereğince yapılan sulh anlaşmaları da ilamların icrası ...

 Bilgi  [İİK. 17] Şikayet üzerine yapılan işlemler
Şikayet icra mahkemesince karar verilmediği müddetçe icra takibini durdurmaz.Şikayetin icra mahkemesince kabulü halinde işlem yapıldığı tarihten itibaren(müdür yada müdür yardımcısı tarafından karar verildiği tarihten itibaren) iptal edilir.Şikayet reddedildiği takdirde; eğer icra mahkemesince icra takibinin durdurulması yönünde karar verilmişse red kararı ile birlikte icraya devam olunur;icra mahkemesi icra takibini durdurulması yönünde karar vermemişse icra dosyasında işlem yapılmaya devam ed...

 Bilgi  [İİK. 12] İcra veznesindeki paranın herhangi bir kayıt ve şarta bağlı tutulmaması gerektiği
İcra müdürlüğünde başlatılan bir takibe ilişkin ödeme borçlu yada üçüncü şahıs tarafından yapılabilir.İcra müdürlüğünde görevli olan memurlar sadece borçlunun ödeyeceği şartına bağlı olarak yatırılacak parayı almaktan imtina edemez.İcra veznesine intikal etmiş olan bir paranın alacaklıya ödeme yerine geçebilmesi;ödemenin herhangi bri kayıt ve şarta bağlı tutulmaması ile mümkündür.İİK 12.maddeye göre;para icra veznesinde alacaklının onu çekebileceği andan itibaren borçlunun yatırılan miktar kadar...

 Bilgi  [TTK. 1002] 09.11.2005 Tarihli Türk Ticaret Kanunu Tasarısı madde 1118 ve Gerekçesi
4. Dış ilişkide işlemlerin geçerliği Madde 1118 - (1) Kaptanın, 1112 nci, 1114 üncü, 1115 inci ve 1117 nci maddelere göre yaptığı hukukî işlemlerin geçerli olup olmadığı, 1105 inci maddenin ikinci fıkrasına göre belirlenir. Madde Gerekçesi: 6762 sayılı Kanunun 1002 nci maddesinden ifadesi düzeltilerek ve dili güncelleştirilerek alınmıştır.

 Bilgi  [TTK. 1001] 09.11.2005 Tarihli Türk Ticaret Kanunu Tasarısı madde 1117 ve Gerekçesi
d) Kaptanın işlemlerinin donatanı bağlaması Madde 1117 - (1) Kaptan eşya üzerinde 1116 ncı maddede yazılı olduğu şekilde tasarruf ettiği takdirde, donatan, bundan zarar gören yükle ilgili kişilerin uğradıkları zararı tazmin ile yükümlüdür. (2) Donatanın ödeyeceği tazminat hakkında 1186 ncı madde hükmü uygulanır. Eşyanın satışı sonucunda elde edilen net satış bedeli 1186 ncı maddede yazılı değeri geçerse, onun yerine net satış bedeli geçer. Madde Gerekçesi: 6762 sayılı Kanunun 1001 inci m...

 Bilgi  [TTK. 1000] 09.11.2005 Tarihli Türk Ticaret Kanunu Tasarısı madde 1116 ve Gerekçesi
c) Diğer hâllerde Madde 1116 - (1) Müşterek avarya hâli bulunmadığı takdirde, kaptan, sadece, para gereksiniminin başka yolla karşılanması olanağı yoksa veya diğer önlemlerin alınması donatan yönünden katlanılamayacak bir zararın doğmasına sebebiyet verecekse eşyayı satabilir, rehnedebilir veya diğer bir şekilde eşya üzerinde tasarrufta bulunabilir. Madde Gerekçesi: 6762 sayılı Kanunun 1000 inci maddesinden, mehaz Alm. TK.’nın 540 ıncı paragrafında 21/06/1972 tarihinde yapılan değişiklik...

 Bilgi  [TTK. 999] 09.11.2005 Tarihli Türk Ticaret Kanunu Tasarısı madde 1115 ve Gerekçesi
b) Müşterek avarya hâlinde Madde 1115 - (1) Kaptan, para gereksinimi müşterek avaryadan kaynaklanmış olup da bunu karşılamak için değişik önlemlerden birine başvurabilecek durumda bulunuyor ise, bunlardan ilgililere en az zarar verecek olanını seçmek zorundadır. Madde Gerekçesi: 6762 sayılı Kanunun 999 uncu maddesinden ifadesi düzeltilerek alınmıştır.

 Bilgi  [TTK. 998] 09.11.2005 Tarihli Türk Ticaret Kanunu Tasarısı madde 1114 ve Gerekçesi
3. Eşya üzerinde tasarruf yetkisi a) Genel olarak Madde 1114 - (1) 1112 nci maddede yazılı hâller dışında kaptan, ancak yolculuğun devamı için zorunluluk bulunduğu takdirde, eşya üzerinde onu satmak, rehnetmek veya kullanmak suretiyle tasarrufta bulunabilir. Madde Gerekçesi: 6762 sayılı Kanunun 998 inci maddesinden, mehaz Alm. TK.’nın 538 inci paragrafında 21/06/1972 tarihinde yapılan değişiklikle uyumlu hale getirilerek ve dili güncelleştirilerek alınmıştır.

 Bilgi  [TTK. 996] 09.11.2005 Tarihli Türk Ticaret Kanunu Tasarısı madde 1113 ve Gerekçesi
2. Rotadan sapma Madde 1113 - (1) Yolculuğun izlenen rota üzerinde sürdürülmesini umulmayan bir durum engellerse, kaptan durumun gereklerine ve olanaklar çerçevesinde uygulamaya zorunlu olduğu talimata göre, yolculuğa, başka bir rota üzerinde devam edebileceği gibi kısa veya uzun bir süre için ara verebilir veya kalkma limanına geri dönebilir. (2) Taşıma sözleşmesinin sona ermesi hâlinde kaptan, 1211 inci madde hükümlerine göre hareket eder. Madde Gerekçesi: 6762 sayılı Kanunun 996 ncı m...

 Bilgi  [TTK. 995] 09.11.2005 Tarihli Türk Ticaret Kanunu Tasarısı madde 1112 ve Gerekçesi
III- Yükle ilgili olanların menfaatlerini koruma yükümlülüğü 1. Genel olarak Madde 1112 - (1) Kaptan, yolculuk esnasında yükle ilgili olanların menfaati gereği eşyanın en iyi şekilde korunması için mümkün olan özeni göstermekle yükümlüdür. (2) Kaptan, bir zararın önüne geçilmesi veya azaltılması için özel önlemlerin alınması gerektiğinde, yükle ilgililerin menfaatlerini göz önünde bulundurmaya ve mümkünse talimatlarını almaya ve durumun gereğine göre bu talimatları yerine getirmeye zorunl...